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ACB Radio Teletype Program For The IBM Personal Computer Version 1.2G 06-12-1986 Glenn E. Welman - KF4NB 3301 Pastern Ct. Lexington, Ky 40513 (C) Copyright Welman Software 1983, 1984, 1985 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G INTRODUCTION This program runs on the IBM Personal Computer and interfaces to your Amateur Radio equipment through the Asynchronous Communications adapter. I wrote the program to be as flexible as possible hoping that it will be useable with any Terminal Unit (TU) and radio combination. I have attempted to provide enough information to help you make your system operational. The program will work on the IBM PCjr with one minor limitation which is explained further on in this document. I suspect that the program will also work on the IBM Portable PC, most PC clones and possibly the IBM PC AT, even though I have not had the opportunity to test the program on those machines. I intend for the program to be distributed by hams, rather than retailers. I suggest the following. DISTRIBUTION GUIDELINES Please share (copy) the program with others who are interested in RTTY. Do not sell or barter the program to anyone. (That's my right!) When you pass along the program, include only the original unmodified version. Send a SASE along with your current version number and I will let you know if any known problems have been fixed by a later version. Don't remove these guidelines from the program or document. If you find the program of value, a small contribution for my effort will be appreciated ($25 suggested). Introduction 1 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G SUMMARY OF VERSION 1.2 CHANGES ■ Capability to clear the transmit buffer. ■ Capability to save the transmit buffer, clear it and later restore it. ■ Up to 10 filenames can be specified for easy loading into the transmit buffer from diskette. ■ The screen can now be used in color instead of white only. The colors can be modified to your own taste. ■ The program can now handle any oscillator frequency input to the 8250 Async chip. (e.g. The PCjr's frequency is different from the PC.) ■ There are now separate baud rates for Baudot and ASCII modes. Additional baud rates can be user specified for extended flexibility. ■ Several enhancements have been added for our European friends - The European date format is supported. (e.g. 15.Nov.1984) - 100 and 200 baud rates are now in the default ASCII set. - The column for the warning beep is 56 and there is an automatic CR/LF at column 64. These values can be changed and the automatic CR/LF turned off. - The Baudot character set is modified to support the European standard. ■ Several characters have been defined to support unique ASCII to Baudot conversions for MARS usage. ■ The ASCII to Baudot and Baudot to ASCII conversion tables can be modified at program startup time to support unique conversions. ■ The title screen will now go away after 10 seconds or after the first keystroke. ■ The default time type can be specified in the "PARMS.RTY" file and no prompting will occur. ■ The operation of the DTR and RTS outputs can be user specified for transmit and receive. Introduction 2 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G ■ The number of ASCII data bits, parity bits and stop bits can now be specified. ■ SELCAL has been implemented for unattended monitoring operations. ■ A simple QSO logging capability has been added. SUMMARY OF VERSION 1.2A CHANGES ■ Added MARS keyword support to the PARMS.RTY file processor. SUMMARY OF VERSION 1.2B CHANGES ■ Redefined some MARS special characters for ASCII to Baudot translation. ■ Fixed a bug, in ASCII mode "+" would be sent 12 times, now it is sent only once. ■ Enhanced the setting of baud rates in the PARMS.RTY file. You can now specify the rates positionally (you define the order). SUMMARY OF VERSION 1.2C CHANGES ■ Fixed bug when a transmit file with blank lines was sent, two line feeds were sent for each blank line. ■ Fixed a bug in receive mode, with unshift on space turned on, the program assumed an automatic unshift with CRs and LFs. ■ Provided a method to make the program start up in the ASCII mode. ■ Added the capability to specify the parms filename on the command line. ■ Provide some special support for packet radio users. Introduction 3 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G ■ Enhanced the MARS support to include the automatic sending of 12 letters functions when "NNNN" is sent. SUMMARY OF VERSION 1.2D CHANGES ■ Made a change to the handling of blank lines. Changed the default to always send carriage return and line feed for blank lines. If you only want line feeds for blank lines then specify "BLLF" in the parameter file. SUMMARY OF VERSION 1.2E CHANGES ■ Fixed the scroll routine to handle foreground and background colors. ■ Changed the program to allow a greater range of foreground and background colors. ■ Added the capability to specify the SELCAL end string and added an alternate string capability. ■ Provided the ability to start the program in the ART mode and/or in the unshift-on-space mode. ■ Added the capability to inhibit the bell (beeps) in the ART mode. ■ Added some enhancements for packet operation. Packet starts up in the transmit mode. You can specify a string to send the current time and date to your TNC. You can inhibit sending of the time and date on power-up and send it later with the use of the alt-D character. You can let the system send a note that you are not around and then save data to a file for stored messages. ■ I put the scrolling routine assembler source code in the BAS file so there would be one less file to send and keep track of. Introduction 4 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G SUMMARY OF VERSION 1.2F CHANGES ■ Fixed a bug where the program would quit abruptly if SELCAL was turned on and the SELCAL ending sequence was received when the starting sequence had not been received. ■ Fixed a problem by making the program ignore null entries in the parms file. ■ Fixed a bug in the MARS option when "NNNN" is received. ■ Added the capability to vary the receive and transmit screen size. ■ Added the capability to customize the Date and Time stamp to your own liking. ■ Added the capability for the program to append the extension of "RTY" to the name of the parms file given when RTTY is invoked. ■ Added the ability to specify the UTC time difference in the parms file instead of being prompted for it. ■ Added the capability to send received data to both the printer and diskette with the SELCAL option. ■ Added the function when receiving data to a file for the program to save the file after every 15 lines of text. This will keep you data loss to a minimum if you happen to lose power in the middle of a session or someone accidentally resets the entire system for you. ■ The program now figures out if you are running on a PCjr, and sets all of the correct parameters for you. SUMMARY OF VERSION 1.2G CHANGES ■ Fixed a bug in the MARS mode that occured when NNNN was received. ■ Added the alt-B key to toggle the enable/disable of the bell character in the ART mode. ■ Added several "alt-" key combinations to provide a means of sending control characters to the Introduction 5 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G communications port. (All of the control keys which have special meaning to my program.) ■ Added several "alt-" keys to facilitate use of the Kantronics UTU. ■ Added a couple of new keywords to the PARMS file to make the program just a tad more flexible. (HAND and XMIT) ■ Changed the program logic for the handling of the DAY command for packet operation. You now use a keyword to send the command when the program starts, rather than specifying not to send the command. (Removed NPDT, added PKDT) Introduction 6 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G PROGRAM OPERATION The program is started by placing the program diskette in the default drive (usually drive A:) and entering RTTY or RTTY filename In the above example, "filename" is the name of the parameter file to use instead of "PARMS.RTY". This feature allows multiple runtime configuration files to be used for various operation modes. This and other files should be personalized prior to running the program with your callsign and other pertinent information. These files are identified further on in this document and may be changed with any text editor. The program is primarily written in BASIC and compiled to achieve a useable operating speed. There is one subroutine written in Assembly Language to do things which I can't do well in BASIC. Specifically, the routine scrolls the receive and transmit screens. The program takes advantage of the IBM Personal Computer's capabilities. The interrupt capabilities of the Asynchronous Communications adapter and the keyboard allow many things to occur simultaneously without the loss of information. The use of DOS files allows the storage and retrieval of a large supply of RTTY data. I hope you find the program's many features useful. In version 1.2 I have tried to make the program a little more flexible. The price that is paid for flexibility is a little more complexity in setup. One of the changes is to allow the use of the program on the IBM PCjr. The PCjr has a slightly different input frequency to the 8250 Async chip and it does not have DMA (direct memory access) during diskette operations. The significance of no DMA is that data through the Asynchronous port will stop during any diskette accesses. Specifically, if you are sending the received data to a diskette file, then about every 500 characters there is a chance of missing one or more received characters. During some tests which I performed with a 5200 character test file, 2 characters were dropped at 45.5 baud (BAUDOT mode), 8 characters were dropped at 74 baud (BAUDOT) and 110 baud (ASCII), 28 characters were dropped at 300 baud (ASCII) and 35 characters were dropped at 1200 baud (ASCII). Note that this is a hardware limitation as noted in the PCjr Technical Reference. Characters are only lost when received characters are placed in a diskette file, all other operations of the program are functional with no known problems. Program Operation 7 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS An IBM Personal Computer with at least 128K bytes of memory and a minimum of one diskette drive or a true IBM PC compatible computer. An IBM Personal Computer Asynchronous Communications Adapter or equivalent. Note that for the compiled BASIC program to work correctly, the Asynchronous adapter must use an 8250 UART chip mapped into the same I/O address space and interrupt level as the IBM PC version. IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System (DOS) version 1.1 or later (or equivalent). A Terminal Unit (TU) for amateur radio teletype (RTTY) applications. Or a packet terminal node controller (TNC) for packet radio operation. A radio receiver or transceiver capable of operating RTTY. Program Operation 8 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G FEATURES The program will run under DOS 1.1 or later. The program will run on a monochrome display and both the 80X25 and the 40X25 mode on a color display. The program runs in a split screen mode with received data displayed on the top and the transmit buffer displayed on the bottom of the screen. The number of lines used by the receive and transmit screens can be varied by using the RXLN keyword in the PARMS.RTY file. Run time information is displayed in the middle of the screen, such as current time, date and elapsed time since the last TTY ID was sent. Prompts for operator input are also displayed in the middle of the screen. The definition and status of the function keys is displayed at the bottom of the screen. Errors and informational messages are also reported at the bottom of the screen. In transmit mode the program sends CR, CR, LF, and letters at the end of a line. This provides some degree of compatibility with the old mechanical teletype machines. The program supports both BAUDOT and ASCII RTTY modes. ■ Common BAUDOT rates of 60, 67, 75, and 100 WPM are supported. Those are baud rates of 45.5, 50, 56.9, and 74.2 respectively. ■ Common ASCII baud rates of 100, 110, 200, 300, 400 and 1200 BAUD are supported. ■ Additional baud rates can be user specified in the "PARMS.RTY" file up to a maximum of 10 rates on both modes. The received input goes to the display and can be directed to the printer and/or a DOS file. File compression is supported which can result in using less diskette/disk file space. While you are receiving, you can fill a 4000 character transmit buffer from the keyboard or DOS files. Program Operation 9 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G While the program is prompting you for information, received characters are placed into a 4000 character receive buffer. If more than 4000 characters are received while the program is prompting you, a communications buffer overflow error will result. The program will attempt to recover as much as possible. There are several predefined files which can be loaded into the transmit buffer with the stroke of a function key. Up to 10 files can be user defined to be loaded into the transmit buffer with the use of the "Alt" and numeral keys. Up to six files can be queued to be placed into the transmit buffer at any one time. A cursor is displayed at the current Transmit buffer location. When the cursor reaches column 56, the program will sound a beep. The user can define a new warning column and can specify an ending column with an automatic CR/LF insertion. The transmit buffer can be edited minimally by using the backspace key. There is no full screen support. In the transmit mode, a date and time stamp can be sent over RTTY, as well as, a predefined RTTY ID field. There is a key defined to allow the storage of the callsign of the other station in the QSO. The contents of this storage field will be placed at the beginning of the TTY ID when it is selected. This buffer can be changed at any time. The transmit buffer is filled first by any transmit files, second by characters resulting from special keys, and finally from keyboard input. The program will stop placing characters in the transmit buffer when it is full and will resume as characters are transmitted from the transmit buffer. A special Baudot mode can be selected for European usage. Program Operation 10 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G Some special characters have been defined for ASCII to Baudot translation for the MARS program. These characters and their meanings are as follows * causes a carriage return to be sent = causes a line feed to be sent + causes 12 letters characters to be sent @ causes the bell character to be sent \ causes the null character to be sent (&H00) > causes the figures character to be sent < causes the letters character to be sent Note that these characters may not operate correctly in the European mode. An additional MARS mode reduces the end-of-line function to CR, CR, LF and does not send a letters character automatically at the end-of-line or on the space character. SELCAL is now supported to automatically print or store received signals when a user specified sequence of characters is received. The transmit buffer can be cleared or stored for those times when you really want to send something other than what's in the buffer. A limited logging function can be executed with the use of a few keystrokes. You will be prompted for pertinent information and it will be placed on diskette. When multiple blank lines are sent, the program only sends line feed characters to speed things up. Carriage returns are not sent for blank lines. Special support has been added for packet radio controller support. I implemented a few things for use with my Kantronics Packet Communicator. I believe that these are compatible with most TNCs on the market which follow the TAPR command structure. There is a DAY command to set the clock in the TNC. The program will also send a message when you are away from the keyboard. Program Operation 11 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G SPECIAL KEYS Backspace - Pressing the backspace key erases the last character entered into the transmit buffer and the cursor backs up. If the last character was a line feed, the cursor backs up to the previous line and the character is displayed in reverse video. When you backspace beyond the top line of the transmit screen, the previous line entered into the transmit buffer appears on the top line. Lines prior to the line at the top of the screen are not visible. Note that you cannot back up beyond the last character sent to the Asynchronous communications adapter. ENTER - Pressing the "ENTER" key at the end of a line causes a carriage return and line feed to be placed into the transmit buffer. Ctrl E - Ctrl E is a new added feature. Typing a Ctrl E into the transmit buffer will cause the program to automatically return to the receive mode upon reading the Ctrl E from the transmit buffer. Additional transmit buffer contents are retained but not transmitted until the XMIT mode is entered again. This should be useful when you are transmitting a long file and you want to take a break and may not make it back in time to switch it over manually. Ctrl S - Pressing Ctrl S causes the program to prompt you for a line of characters which will be stored for later retrieval. The information is kept in memory until the program is ended or another Ctrl S is entered. Ctrl R - This is the companion key of Ctrl S. Pressing Ctrl R retrieves the stored line and places it in the transmit buffer. Ctrl W - Ctrl W is pressed to instruct the program to place only a carriage return in the transmit buffer. Pressing the "ENTER" key immediately after a Ctrl W will be ignored by the program. Pressing a character key will result in an overprint condition. The Ctrl W key will find primary application in sending RTTY art. This character is placed in the receive file for any carriage return. An idea of what character may be displayed by various editors can be found in appendix C of the Technical Reference manual. Note that the absence of the Ctrl W/Ctrl T at the end of the line will result in the normal end of line processing which send CR, CR, LF and ltrs. Program Operation 12 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G Ctrl T - Ctrl T is the companion of the Ctrl W key and results in a single line feed being placed in the transmit buffer. Pressing "ENTER" immediately after a Ctrl T will be ignored by the program. The Ctrl T key will be used in RTTY art and may be used to replace a line feed erased by backspacing. This character is placed in the receive file for any line feed. An idea of what character may be displayed by various editors can be found in appendix C of the Technical Reference manual. Note that the absence of the Ctrl W/Ctrl T at the end of the line will result in the normal end of line processing which send CR, CR, LF and ltrs. Ctrl X - Ctrl X is provided to force the sending of the "Figures" character in Baudot mode only. This key could be useful in send a SELCAL prefix. This key will appear in the transmit buffer as a up arrow. Ctrl Y - Ctrl Y can be used to force the sending of the "(ltrs)" character in BAUDOT mode only. This key can also be used in sending a SELCAL prefix. This key will appear in the transmit buffer as a down arrow. Alt A - Alt A can be used to toggle between the Art mode and the No Art mode. Art mode is for overstrike lines to darken (fill in) the print. Note that multiple strikes are visible only on the printer, not on the display. The No Art mode is used for noisy conditions (primarily text) where you want a CR/LF any time a CR or LF is received for maximum copy. The status of the Art mode is included at the bottom of the screen in the receive mode. Art mode is indicated by an "A" beside "RECV" and the No Art mode is indicated by an "N". At program start the default is the No Art mode. The "BELL" file on the diskette is an example of RTTY Art. Note that files which are received in the Art mode will have Ctrl-W and Ctrl-T characters in the file. Files received in the no Art mode will not contain the Ctrl-W and Ctrl-T characters. Alt B - This key is used to toggle the enable/disable of the bell character (beep) in the ART mode. This is extremely helpful when you are absolutely sick and tired of listening to incessant beeps. Alt C - This option can be used to clear the transmit buffer. The buffer is cleared, all loading from diskette files is stopped, and you can start again with a clean slate. Program Operation 13 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G Alt D - This option will send the current time and date over the Asynchronous port in the format specified by the PDAT keyword. The PDAT keyword is relatively free format to allow for different TNC implementations. See the PARMS.RTY description for additional details. Alt T - This option saves the transmit buffer in a file named "TXBUFFER.RTY" and then clears the transmit buffer just like the "Alt C" option. If the transmit buffer was previously saved (this session) it will first clear the transmit buffer and then load the file "TXBUFFER.RTY". Note that once the file has been restored it will reset the flag indicating that the transmit buffer was previously saved. Alt S - Alt S is used to toggle the SELCAL (Selective Call) option on and off. When the SELCAL option is turned on, you will be prompted to find out if you want to send the selected data to the printer, diskette or both. A filename will be asked for when the diskette option is selected. A message will appear at the bottom of the screen when the option is turned off. The character string to search for to start saving the data can be specified in the "PARMS.RTY" file. Because there is no letters or figures character in ASCII, I have included the capability to specify a separate SELCAL ID for both the BAUDOT and ASCII mode. SELCAL saving is terminated by the receipt of the sequence "NNNN" in the default mode. You can use the ESEL and GESL keywords to specify your own unique SELCAL terminator. Alt L - This option will place information into a logging file with a filename of "LOG.RTY". You will be prompted for the callsign of the station worked and for any other pertinent data. You may want to include such things as signal reports, frequency, names and so on. The date, time and your data will be appended to the "LOG.RTY" file. Alt N - This option toggles the not-at-keys enable/disable flag. The current status is displayed on the error line for approximately 5 seconds. When turned on, the program will send the file "AWAY.MSG" when a string is received which matches the NKEY string. All incoming data will be stored in the file "WHILE.OUT" or the already active received data file. This option is primarily for packet use. Alt 0-9 - This key sequence will load the file defined in the "PARMS.RTY" file corresponding to the file numbers 1 to 10. If the filename has not been specified, then no action will be taken. Program Operation 14 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G Note that some of the special keys may be the same as the control keys for some TNCs. The RTTY program will take action on the special key and will generally not pass any code over the Asynchronous lines. To fix this problem, I have implemented the use of several alt-keys to send the control character codes directly through the Asynchronous adapter. Note that the code will go immediately, not in sequence with anything in the transmit buffer. Alt E - This key will send the code for a cntl-E. Alt G - This key will send the code for a cntl-T. Alt H - This key will send the code for a cntl-S. Alt R - This key will send the code for a cntl-R. Alt W - This key will send the code for a cntl-W. Alt X - This key will send the code for a cntl-X. Alt Y - This key will send the code for a cntl-Y. Alt Z - This key will send the code for a cntl-C. I have also included some special alt-keys in an attempt to make the running of the program with the Kantronics UTU a little easier. These alt-keys send a cntl-C followed by a command letter to the UTU. These characters are placed sequentially into the transmit buffer. To run the UTU, you should specify the PACK option in the PARMS.RTY input file. Alt I - This key sends cntl-C followed by R which selects receive mode. Alt J - This key sends cntl-C followed by S which selects shift change mode. Alt K - This key sends cntl-C followed by N which selects transmit mode. Alt M - This key sends cntl-C followed by X which selects command mode. Alt O - This key sends cntl-C followed by T which selects speed change mode. Program Operation 15 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G FUNCTION KEYS The ten function keys are used during program operation to direct the flow of information in the computer system. The definition and status of the function keys is displayed at the bottom of the screen. The function keys are defined as follows: General Function Keys F1 - KEYS This key toggles the definition of function keys 3 through 10 and changes the status line. F2 - RECV/XMIT This key toggles the program between receive mode and transmit mode. When the program begins, this key defaults to RECV. When the key is pressed to go from XMIT to RECV, the program will wait until the basic communication buffer is empty before returning to the RECV mode. BASIC buffers up to 128 characters independent of the program. So don't get too anxious if the transmitter doesn't stop immediately. There is a short delay of about one half a second from the time the program turns the transmitter on and the first data is sent. This should give the other station a chance to lock onto your signal. Additionally, an A or N will appear with RECV to indicate the current status of the Art mode (See Alt A for additional information). Program Operation 16 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G Function Key Set 1 F3 - RX FLE Receive a File. Pressing this key prompts you for a filename in which to place the received information. The information is appended to the file. Pressing only "ENTER" results in no file being opened. Pressing this key while a file is currently open will close the file. Another filename must be entered to continue saving data. Entering the same name as an existing file will result in that data being appended to the file. When a filename is entered, you are asked if you want the file to be saved as a compressed file. Compressed files will take up less room on your DOS diskette, but are not readily alterable in an editor. A utility is provided to decompress or compress a file offline. When a receive file is open, a reminder is displayed on the middle status line of the screen. The form of the display is "RX-filename". The program will close and then reopen the file after every 15 lines of input. This forces the computer to update the file status and prevents the loss of the entire file should you happen to lose power in the middle of a session or if the computer managed to get reset in the middle of a session. F4 - UOS ON/UOS OF This key toggles between "Unshift On Space" being turned on and turned off. This key only applies to received data. When "unshift on space" is on, the program will shift back to "letters" mode any time a space is received. Independent of this key, the program will transmit a "(ltrs)" character in the BAUDOT mode as required with a space. This makes the program compatible with either type of teletype which may be in the other station. When the program begins, this key defaults to UOS OF. F5 - END This key provides a means to terminate the program gracefully. You will be prompted for confirmation of your request to quit. Program Operation 17 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G F6 - PRT OF/PRT ON This key toggles output to the printer on and off. When PRT ON is displayed, all characters received will also be printed on the matrix printer. Bell characters are not sent to the printer to keep down the noise pollution. When the program begins, this key defaults to PRT OF. F7 - Baud Rate Selector This key toggles through the baud rates supported by the program. The status line is updated with each change. In Baudot mode, the baud rates of 45.5, 50.0, 56.9, and 74.2 correspond to character rates of 60, 67, 75, and 100 words per minute (WPM) respectively. When the program begins, this key defaults to 45.5. For ASCII the baud rates of 100, 110, 200, 300, 400, and 1200 are supported. When the ASCII mode is selected this key defaults to 110 baud. Up to 10 baud rates per mode are possible by adding baud rates through the use of the BAUD and ASCI options of the "PARMS.RTY" file. The default rates can also be changed. F8 - BAUDOT/ASCII This key toggles between Baudot and ASCII modes. Any combination of baud rate and mode is obtainable. When the program begins, this key defaults to BAUDOT unless specified otherwise in the parms file. Each time this key is pressed, the baud rate selection will change to the first baud rate for that mode, the default if 45.5 baud for Baudot and 110 baud for ASCII. F9 - NEW LN This key provides the ability to force a CR/LF (new line) in the middle of received text. Such an operation might be needed if the original CR/LF were lost in the noise. F10 - LTRS This is the "letters" key. During Baudot reception it is occasionally desirable to force the receive mode back into the "letters" mode. This key accomplishes that task. Program Operation 18 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G Function Key Set 2 F3 - TX FLE Transmit a File. Pressing this key allows the contents of a DOS file to be placed into the transmit buffer for transmission. You will be prompted for the filename of the file to transmit. Pressing just "ENTER" will result in no file being transmitted. Entering the word "stop" will cause the current file being processed to be closed. The filename is placed in a buffer que which will eventually be opened and read. This allows for placing several transmit files into the transmit buffer in sequential order. The filename of the file currently being read is displayed on the center display line. The form of the display is "TX-filename". If an error is encountered in opening the file, an error status is displayed for about five seconds at the bottom of the screen and a beep is sounded. Note that the program will not handle tab characters. The file should contain spaces to get to the correct column. For example, if the file is created using the Personal Editor program, be sure to use the "notabs" keyword when the file is saved. F4 - TX CQ Transmit a CQ. Pressing this key causes the file "CQ.RTY" to be loaded into the transmit buffer. This file is queued just like a transmit file and is displayed on the middle status line of the screen. Note that you must personalize the "CQ.RTY" file with your callsign and name. F5 - RESET This is the reset key. Pressing this key will close all transmit files, clear the screen and start the program over. There is no prompting to make sure you mean it. Note, BASIC sometimes decides to clean up the string area at the most inappropriate times. When it does this, the system may appear to lock up for several seconds (maybe many), so try to be patient. Program Operation 19 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G F6 - TX RYS Transmit RYs. Pressing this key will result in the "RYS.RTY" file to be placed into the transmit file que and eventually into the transmit buffer. This is handy for placing a bunch of RYs at the start of your transmission, which gives the guy at the other end a chance to lock back onto your signal. F7 - PSE OF/PSE ON Transmit Pause Off / Transmit Pause On. This key is used to temporarily stop the program from sending any more characters out of the transmit buffer. This is useful for sending a steady carrier signal for tuning purposes or whatever. It should be noted, that BASIC can buffer up to 128 characters. These characters cannot be stopped from being sent. Thus, you may not be able to make the program pause exactly where you want. When the program begins, this key defaults to PSE OF. F8 - TTY ID Teletype ID. Pressing this key causes the contents of the "TTYID.RTY" file to be placed into the transmit buffer. The contents of the QSO ID buffer is placed at the beginning of the line. Note that this line of data is read from the file at the beginning of the program and stored in program memory. Also note that the "TTYID.RTY" file must be personalized with your name and callsign. The little block at the end of the TTYID when it is placed in the buffer is used by the program to reset the time since last ID. F9 - QSO ID This key prompts you for an entry of the current QSO station id. The data entered is placed at the beginning of the TTY ID when that key is pressed. F10 - DT&TM Date and Time stamp. This causes the current date and time to be placed into the transmit buffer. Note that the time sent is the time the key is pressed, not the time the characters are actually sent. Program Operation 20 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G PROGRAM FILES There are three files which the program expects to find on the default DOS drive. If any of these files are absent when they are accessed, an error message will be displayed. There is also an optional file which may be absent with no adverse effects. There are also two files which will be created if absent and will be written to by the program. The files are described below. Required Files TTYID.RTY - This file is required to have one line only. The line contains the characters to be placed in the transmit buffer for your RTTY ID (e.g. DE KF4NB "GLENN" IN LEXINGTON, KY). Note, you must personalize this file with your callsign, name, location and whatever. CQ.RTY - This file contains all the information you would like to send for a RTTY CQ. Note, you must customize this file with your callsign, name, and location. You may optionally change the format of the CQ. This file may contain any number of lines. RYS.RTY - This file is simply a line of RYs which will be sent in response to a function key being pressed. This file could be changed in just about any way you desired. Multiple lines are allowed. Program Operation 21 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G Optional Files LOG.RTY - This file will be appended to by the "Alt L" command. The information placed in the file is the date, time, Station ID worked and your comments. If the file does not exist, a new file will be created. TXBUFFER.RTY - This file will be created or read by the "Alt T" command. The transmit buffer will be dumped into the file on the first use of the "Alt T" command and the file will be reloaded into the transmit buffer on the second occurrence of the "Alt T" command. AWAY.MSG - This file will be sent when the not-at-keys string is received. This is primarily intended for packet operation to allow you to tell someone to leave you a message when they connect. All received input up until the time the end string is received (disconnect) will be placed into the file "WHILE.OUT". Both the start and stop strings can be user defined. PARMS.RTY - This file can have one or more of the following keywords on a single line separated by commas or on separate lines. The first three or four characters of the words are compared and when a match is found, the pertinent information is obtained from the text string. Any extra information between commas or at the end of the line is ignored. Blank lines are ignored. Commas can be imbedded in a keyword string by placing the entire keyword string in double quotes. For example, "DTTM=HH:MM Z MONTH DD, YYYY". The filename can be overridden by specifying the alternate filename on the command line (e.g. RTTY ASCII.RTY). The contents of the file may be any valid keywords for the PARMS.RTY file. The program will automatically attempt to append the RTY extension, if it is unable to find the filename specified. When an alternate filename is specified on the command line, the program will prompt for a new filename anytime during that session that the RESET key is used. As the file is processed, each parameter specification is displayed on the screen. When the file has been processed, the program will wait approximately three seconds and then clear the screen and continue. This waiting period can be bypassed by pressing any key. During processing of the file any parameters which are incorrectly specified will be displayed on the screen and the program will wait for you to press "Enter" to continue. Program Operation 22 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G AGSL - This keyword is used to set the general SELCAL search string for ASCII mode selection. The format is AGSL=QST. Up to 10 characters can be specified. The default is "QST". ALCR - This keyword can be specified to override the default value put into the ASCII Line Control Register of the 8250 Async chip. This value will determine format of the ASCII data. It controls the number of data bits, the number of stop bits, use of the parity bit and the type of parity if used. The format of the option is ALCR=&H3E. The default value is &H3E, which sets the ASCII mode to 7 data bits, 2 stop bits and parity bit stuck low. Further information on the possible values of this parameter can be found in the Technical Reference Manual. ART - This keyword allows you to start the RTTY program in the ART mode. If it is not specified the program defaults to NoART mode. ASCI - This keyword is used to add extra values to the ASCII baud rate selection list. The format is ASCI=nnnn where "nnnn" is any baud rate number you want to be able to run. Up to 10 baud rates are allowed. A second form of the keyword allows you to redefine the baud rate for any of the rates in the list (even the default values). The format is ASCIxx=nnnn where "xx" is a number from 1 to 10 and "nnnn" is the desired baud rate. The number "xx" must correspond to a previously defined rate or just one more than the total number of rates defined. When the baud rate is specified, the program will set the 8250 Async chip timer divisor rate to the closest value to achieve the specified rate. The divisor rate of the 8250 is set to the integer value of the crystal frequency divided by the baud rate. A total of four ASCII baud rates can be specified. Refer to the Technical Reference manual for further information on divisor rates. ASEL - This keyword is used to set the specific SELCAL search string for ASCII mode selection. The format is ASEL=KF4NB. Up to 10 characters can be specified. The default is "??????????". Program Operation 23 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G ATCR - This keyword is used to turn on the automatic carriage return and line feed (CR/LF) option. When this option is on, a CR/LF will be added to the transmit data if the data reaches column 64 or the column specified in the LLEN option. This option defaults to off. BAUD - This keyword is used to add extra values to the Baudot baud rate selection list. The format is BAUD=nnn.n where "nnn.n" is any baud rate number you want to be able to run. Note that the baud rate is different from the words per minute rate. Up to 10 baud rates are allowed. A second form of the keyword allows you to redefine the baud rate for any of the rates in the list (even the default values). The format is BAUDxx=nnn.n where "xx" is a number from 1 to 10 and "nnn.n" is the desired baud rate. The number "xx" must correspond to a previously defined rate or just one more than the total number of rates defined. When the baud rate is specified, the program will set the 8250 Async chip timer divisor rate to the closest integer value to achieve the specified rate. The divisor rate of the 8250 is set to the integer value of the crystal frequency divided by the baud rate. A total of six Baudot baud rates can be specified. Refer to the Technical Reference manual for further information on divisor rates. BDLW - This keyword provides the capability to change the Baudot to ASCII conversion table of the program. The BDLW command is used to specify the letters mode Baudot character to ASCII character relationship. The format of the command is BDLWnn=xxxx. Where "nn" is a number from 0 to 31 representing the 5 bit Baudot code and "xxxx" is the value of the ASCII character. For example, "BDLW10=&H52" causes the receipt of a Baudot character of 10 in the letters mode to be translated to an ASCII character of &H52 which is the correct representation of the letter "R". Any number of BDLW commands may be contained in the file. Program Operation 24 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G BDUP - This keyword provides the capability to change the Baudot to ASCII conversion table of the program. The BDUP command is used to specify the figures mode Baudot character to ASCII character relationship. The format of the command is BDUPnn=xxxx. Where "nn" is a number from 0 to 31 representing the 5 bit Baudot code and "xxxx" is the value of the ASCII character. For example, "BDUP10=&H34" causes the receipt of a Baudot character of 10 in the figures mode to be translated to an ASCII character of &H34 which is the correct representation of the number "4". Any number of BDUP commands may be contained in the file. BDOT - This keyword provides the capability to change the ASCII to Baudot conversion table of the program. The BDOT command is used to specify the ASCII character to Baudot character relationship. Part of this command requires the capability to specify if the Baudot character should be sent in letters mode, figures mode or don't care mode. This is accomplished by adding 64, 128 or 192 (decimal) respectively to the Baudot character. This can also be represented by &H40, &H80, and &HC0 (hexidecimal). The format of the command is BDOTnn=xxxx, where "nn" is the value of the ASCII character and "xxxx" is the value of the Baudot character with the added value for the proper mode. For example, "BDOT52=&H8A" causes an ASCII character of 52 ("4") in the transmit buffer to be sent as a "figures" followed by a Baudot 10. Note that if the figures mode was already valid then no figures character would have been sent. Any number of BDOT commands may be contained in the file. BGSL - This keyword is used to set the general SELCAL search string for Baudot mode selection. The format is BGSL=(ltrs)N(ltrs)N(ltrs)N where the "(ltrs)" indicates the letters Baudot character. Up to 10 characters can be specified. The default is "(ltrs)N(ltrs)N(ltrs)N". Note that "(ltrs)" is defined to be "Ctrl Y" and "(figs)" is defined to be "Ctrl X" during program operation. BLLF - This keyword is used to suppress the sending of carriage returns when a blank line is encountered. Only line feeds will be sent for blank lines when this option is used. Program Operation 25 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G BSEL - This keyword is used to set the specific SELCAL search string for Baudot mode selection. The format is BSEL=(ltrs)KF4NB where the "(ltrs)" indicates the letters Baudot character. Up to 10 characters can be specified. The default is "??????????". Note that "(ltrs)" is defined to be "Ctrl Y" and "(figs)" is defined to be "Ctrl X" during program operation. COLO - This keyword is used to set the values for the color characters for a color display. The colors can be further modified independently through other options of the "PARMS.RTY" file. Any further changing must occur after the COLO statement. The default is to black and white characters. COM2 - This keyword will cause the program to use the second asynchronous communications adapter for RTTY. The program default is the first adapter (COM1). This option may be useful if the first adapter is primarily used for some other reason such as a telephone modem or a serial printer. This keyword must be used with a PCjr if an internal modem option is installed. COMM - This keyword specifies the base I/O address of the 8250 chip (serial port). The default is COMM=&H3F8. For the PCjr the parameter should be specified as COMM=&H2F8. If the PCjr also contains the internal modem option, the COMM keyword must come after the COM2 keyword in the PARMS.RTY file. Note that beginning in version 1.2F, the program recognizes that you are running on a PCjr and correctly sets the proper COMM value to &H2F8. DIDL - This keyword is provided for those folks who like to send something (even null) while the transmit buffer is empty. Null characters are sent about once per second while the transmit buffer is empty. DTR - This keyword can be used to specify what logic level the DTR (Data Terminal Ready) line out of the Asynchronous adapter should be set to for receive and transmit modes. The format is DTR=xy, where xy can be 00, 01, 10, or 11. The number corresponding to "x" is the logic level during receive and the number corresponding to "y" is the logic level during transmit. "0" corresponds to a low logic level and a "1" corresponds to a high logic level. The default is DTR=01. Program Operation 26 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G DTTM - This keyword lets you specify the format of the date and time stamp which can be sent using function key F10. The normal default is "HH:MM:SS TMT MONTH DD, YYYY", where HH is hours, MM is minutes, SS is seconds, TMT is the time type (e.g. EST), MONTH is the month name, DD is the day of the month and YYYY is the year. The default time will change if the MARS or the EURO keywords are specified. By using DTTM you can customize your time stamp to anything you would like it to be. The following keys will result in the indicated substitution actions: HH - hours as two decimal digits MM - minutes as two decimal digits SS - seconds as two decimal digits TMT - time type as specified by TIME keyword MO - month as two decimal digits MON - month as a three letter abbreviation MONTH - month as the actual month name YY - year as two decimal digits YYYY - year as four decimal digits Any other characters entered along with the keyword will be displayed as they appear, no substitution. The form of the keyword is DTTM=HH:MM:SS Z MO/DD/YY. If you want to imbed a comma within the date and time stamp, then the entire keyword must be placed within double quotes. For example, "DTTM=HH:MM:SS TMT MONTH DD, YYYY". Program Operation 27 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G ECHO - This keyword causes each character sent to the BASIC "COMn:" port to be displayed on the receive portion of the screen. This option is provided for those who have TUs which do not place the transmitted data back onto the receive line coming back to the computer. The program default is no ECHO. Note - BASIC has a 128 byte transmit buffer. When this keyword is active, the receive screen shows the character when it is placed into the BASIC buffer. In other words, just because you see it on the screen doesn't mean it has been sent yet! The program contains a check to make sure that the Asynchronous adapter has finished before turning off the transmitter. If the receive buffer seems to be repeating characters while in the transmit mode, then the most likely problem is that you have specified echo and your TU is also feeding back into the receive input. ECHO should be removed from the "PARMS.RTY" file. ERRB - This keyword is used to set the error line background color. The format is ERRB=7. The defaults are ERRB=7 for the monochrome mode and ERRB=0 for the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. ERRF - This keyword is used to set the error line foreground color. The format is ERRF=0. The defaults are ERRF=0 for the monochrome and ERRF=12 for the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. ESEL - This keyword is used to set the specific SELCAL search string for turning off SELCAL and/or packet not-at-keys data storage. The format is ESEL=* DISCON. UP to 10 characters are allowed. The default is "NNNN". Program Operation 28 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G EURO - This keyword is used to specify the European mode. The date and time stamp format is changed to default to the form "HH:MM:SS TMT DD.MON.YYYY", where HH is hours, MM is minutes, SS is seconds, TMT is the time type (e.g. EST), DD is the day, MON is the three letter month name and YYYY is the year. The time format can be changed using the DTTM keyword. This EURO mode uses the automatic CR/LF option and changes the Baudot to ASCII conversion table to fit the European standards instead of the U.S. standards. The differences are for figures mode only and are as follows Baudot European code character 05 ' 09 # 11 bell 13 [ 17 + 20 ! 26 ] 30 = Note that any parameter specifications using the BDLW, BDUP or BDOT commands should occur after the EURO command in the file. FILE - This keyword is used to specify the names of files to be transmitted with the use of the "Alt n" keys, where "n" is one of the number keys at the top of the QWERTY section of the keyboard. The format of the command is FILEnn=filename, where "nn" is a number from 1 to 10 and filename is any valid DOS filename. For example, FILE1=PARMS.RTY will cause the "PARMS.RTY" file to be loaded into the transmit buffer when "Alt 1" is pressed. Note that "Alt 0" will cause FILE10 to be loaded. Note that the file must be in the current directory. GESL - This keyword is used to set the general SELCAL search string for turning off SELCAL and/or packet not-at-keys data storage. The format is GESL=QUIT. UP to 10 characters are allowed. The default is "NNNN". HAND - This keyword is used to tell the program to start the communications port expecting to use the handshaking lines. Refer to the "OPEN COM" command in the BASIC manual for further information. Program Operation 29 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G KEYB - This keyword is used to set the keys status line background color. The format is KEYB=7. The defaults are KEYB=7 for the monochrome mode and KEYB=3 for the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. KEYF - This keyword is used to set the keys status line foreground color. The format is KEYF=0. The defaults are KEYF=0 for the monochrome and the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. LLEN - Use this keyword to specify the column at which you want the end of the line to be. This is used in conjunction with the ATCR command. The format is LLEN=nn, where nn is the column number of the end of the line. The default is 64. LPT2 - This keyword forces the printer output to go the second printer adapter (LPT2). The default is LPT1. LPT3 - This keyword forces the printer output to go to the third printer adapter (LPT3). The default is LPT1. MARS - This keyword modifies the operation of the program slightly for compatibility with the MARS format rules. Specifically, end-of-line processing is set to CR, CR, and LF. A letters character is not sent automatically at the end of the line or after the "space" character if a number preceded it. Also the bell character is represented by an "@" in the receive file. The letters character after space can be reenabled by specifying BDOT32=&H44 after the MARS keyword in the PARMS.RTY file. Twelve consecutive characters will be sent after "NNNN" is transmitted. The characters will be the letters function or any alternate character specified using the NCHR keyword. MODE - This keyword can be used to make the program start up in the ASCII mode. The form of the keyword is "MODE=A". The normal default is to start in the Baudot mode. NCHR - This keyword is used in conjunction with the MARS keyword to specify the character to send when "NNNN" is sent. The character will be sent twelve times. The form of the keyword is NCHR=nn, where nn is the value of the character to be sent. The default is NCHR=60 which causes twelve letters functions to be sent. Program Operation 30 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G NKEY - This is the keyword to use to specify the search string for the not-at-keys message during packet operation. When the string is found, all received data up to the reception of the stop search string will be saved in the file WHILE.OUT, unless a receive file is currently open. When this string is received, the file AWAY.MSG is sent out over the Asynchronous lines. The format of the keyword is NKEY=** CONNECT. Up to 10 characters are allowed. The default is "* CONNECTE". NOBP - This keyword is used to disable the bell character (beep) on the PC while in the ART mode only. You may use the alt-B key to toggle the enable/disable of the bell character. PACK - This keyword is used to make the controller compatible with packet radio TNCs and smart terminal units. The program is modified to send only one CR at the end of the line instead of the normal two CRs. Also when backspace is used, the program will send the backspace character to the TNC for any character already sent up to the last CR. The program will also erase the characters on the last line which have been sent. The program will come up in the transmit mode. Most TNCs are semi-full duplex, so there is no need to run in the half duplex mode. (You can send data at any time without tying up the channel.) PDAT - This keyword is used to specify the packet time/date command format, which is sent by the use of the alt-D key. You can specify just about any form you want with the exception of no imbedded commas. The format of the keyword is "PDAT=MO-DD-YYYY AT HH:MM:SS EST". Where the program will substitute in the proper numbers from the date and time commands. The parameters to use are YYYY for the full 4 digit year, YY for just the last 2 digits of the year, MO for the month, DD for the day of the month, HH for the hours digit, MM for the minutes and SS for the seconds. Any other characters in the string will be sent as is with no substitutions. Any of the parameters can be left out of the string. The default is "PDAT=DAY YYMODDHHMMSS". PKDT - This keyword tells the program to send the packet time/date over the asynchronous lines when the program is just starting or has just been reset. To send the packet time/date, use the alt-D key during normal program operation. Program Operation 31 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G QB - This keyword causes a bell character to be sent any time a quote character is sent in the transmit mode. This is possibly useful in RTTY ART, since some machines have the quote and the bell reversed. No action is taken in the receive mode. The default is no QB. RTS - This keyword can be used to specify what logic level the RTS (Request To Send) line out of the Asynchronous adapter should be set to for receive and transmit modes. The format is RTS=xy, where xy can be 00, 01, 10, or 11. The number corresponding to "x" is the logic level during receive and the number corresponding to "y" is the logic level during transmit. "0" corresponds to a low logic level and a "1" corresponds to a high logic level. The default is RTS=01. RXB - This keyword is used to set the receive buffer background color. The format is RXB=0. The defaults are RXB=0 for the monochrome and RXB=2 for the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. RXF - This keyword is used to set the receive buffer foreground color. The format is RXF=7. The defaults are RXF=7 for the monochrome mode and RXF=14 for the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. RXLN - This keyword is used to change the number of lines used for the receive data area of the screen and the transmit data area of the screen. The form of the keyword is RXLN=n, where n is the number of lines you would like to use for the receive data area. The number is value checked to be within the range of 2 to 20 (19 in 40 column mode). The remaining lines will be used for the status line, key definition line(s), error reporting lines and for the transmit data area lines. Increasing the receive lines will decrease the transmit lines. The default number of receive lines is 11. SPLF - This keyword is used to suppress the sending of line feeds over the communications link. This may prove useful when the program is used to send data to a packet radio TNC which cannot handle the CR/LF normally sent at the end of a line. Program Operation 32 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G STSB - This keyword is used to set the status line background color. The format is STSB=7. The defaults are STSB=7 for the monochrome mode and STSB=6 for the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. STSF - This keyword is used to set the status line foreground color. The format is STSF=0. The defaults are STSF=0 for the monochrome and the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. TIME - This keyword is used to set the time-type at program startup time. When this keyword is used, the program will assume that the time and date are set according to the time-type and no prompting for the time will be done at program startup time. (Generally people always set their time the same way every time.) The format is TIME=EST. If TIME=? is used then prompting will occur. TXB - This keyword is used to set the transmit buffer background color. The format is TXB=0. The defaults are TXB=0 for the monochrome and TXB=1 the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. TXF - This keyword is used to set the transmit buffer foreground color. The format is TXF=7. The defaults are TXF=7 for the monochrome mode and TXF=11 for the color mode. Refer to the BASIC manual for colors associated with possible values. UOS - This keyword will cause the program to begin operation with the unshift-on-space option turned on. The default is to start with the option turned off. WARN - Use this keyword to specify the column at which you want the program to beep at you in the transmit buffer to warn you that you are approaching the end of the line. The format is WARN=nn, where nn is the column number at which you would like to be warned. The default is 56. Program Operation 33 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G XMIT - This keyword tells the program to start up in the transmit mode. This will be useful for operating with smart terminal units and packet units. The PACK keyword automatically invokes this option. XTAL - This keyword is used to specify the crystal input frequency to the 8250 Async chip. The format of the command is XTAL=1.8432. For the IBM PCjr XTAL is set to 1.78977. Note that the complete number must be given and that any inaccuracies will affect the accuracy of the baud rate. The default is set to 1.8432 MHz. ZULU - This keyword is used to specify that time is to be sent in a military format. The default time format is "DDHHMMZ MON YY", where DD is the day, HH is the hours, MM is the minutes, MON is the first three letters of the month and YY is the last two digits of the year. If the time displayed on the screen is anything other than "UTC", you will be prompted at the start of the program for the amount of time in hours to be added to the local time to convert it to UTC time. You can specify the default time difference in the PARMS.RTY file and you will not be prompted for the adder. The form of the keyword is ZULU=n where n is the number of hours to add to the default time. The time format can be changed by using the DTTM keyword. Anytime the timestamp is placed in the transmit buffer, the program will convert the displayed time to "UTC" time, correcting for any overflow into the next day, month and/or year. Leap years are also taken into account. Additionally, when this keyword is specified the timestamp will also be appended to the end of your "TTY ID". Program Operation 34 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G UTILITY PROGRAM A utility program has been provided to perform some of the normal program functions offline. The utility is started by entering RTTYU The program uses the same "PARMS.RTY" file to determine which printer to use for output and to decide whether or not to add a bell character after a quote. The program prompts you for the name of the file to be processed. A name must be entered and if any problems are encountered, the program terminates. You are then asked if you want the processed data sent to another file. If you answer in the affirmative, you will be asked the name for the file. Responding with only an "ENTER" for the filename will be interpreted as meaning you do not really want to save the data in a new file. If the filename is OK, you are then asked if you would like the data in the new file compressed. Here again as in other places, responding with anything other than a word starting with the letter "Y" will be taken to mean "NO". This feature should be good for uncompressing a file so it can be edited or for compressing a file to save diskette space. You will also be asked if you want the file printed on the matrix printer. Answer in the affirmative if you would like hard copy. Again, this routine does not send the noisy bell character to the printer. Regardless of the choices you make in processing the file, the information is displayed on the display so you can keep current with the progress of the program. Program Operation 35 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G BASIC COMPILING HELP COMPILING THE RTTY PROGRAM I am changing my stance on sending out the source code from my original position. Originally, I intended only for the compiled program to be sent to the general public and the source code to stay under relatively tight control. Well, as luck would have it, some well meaning soul took the liberty of placing "My source code" on the public access disk of CompuServe and Lord knows where else. Well, if you can't lick 'em. . . join 'em! This little episode along with some requests for help in getting it to run on some PC clones has helped change my mind. So much for the philosophical statements, now to the good stuff. There is one assembly language routine which must be assembled. This routine is a basic subroutine to scroll half screens. It must be properly linked into the basic program before it will work. If it isn't done correctly or the BASIC program is run in the interpretive mode, chances are the PC will lock up really well when the receive screen is full. Because the execution speed of the interpretive mode is totally unacceptable (by my standards) I won't even try to explain how to link in the assembly language routine to the interpretive mode. The following lines show how to compile the RTTY program and properly link the appropriate programs to end up with the executable RTTY file. BASCOM RTTY,,,/X/W/O/C:4096/S (Assumes source in B: and LINK RTTY+RTTYSUBS+A:IBMCOM,,,A: BASIC compiler in A:, B: is primary) BASIC Compiling HELP 36 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G COMPILING THE RTTYU PROGRAM The RTTYU program is similarly compiled as follows BASCOM RTTYU,,,/E/O (Assumes source in B: and LINK RTTYU,,,A: BASIC compiler in A:, B: is primary) GETTING AND ASSEMBLING THE RTTYSUBS PROGRAM Starting with version 1.2E, the Assembly language for the Scrolling routine to support the half screens is included in the RTTY.BAS file. In order to properly assemble the program, first of all copy the RTTY.BAS program to a file called RTTYSUBS.ASM. Next using an editor of some flavor, preferably a full screen editor such as Personal Editor, remove the first several hundred lines of the basic program up to the start of the assembly code. Next, remove the BASIC line numbers and the quote mark and leading blank characters from the remaining statements. Once this has been accomplished, you can use the macro assembler to generate the object module necessary to link the Compiled BASIC RTTY program. BASIC Compiling HELP 37 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G INTERFACE INFORMATION INTERFACE SIGNALS This program interfaces to the Amateur Radio equipment through the Asynchronous Communications adapter. The specifications for the voltage levels are those for a standard RS-232C interface. In particular, the standard specifies voltage levels of +12 volts and -12 volts to represent the logic states of the signal. Further information can be obtained in the Technical Reference Manual. The signals which the program uses are as follows. Pin 2 - Transmit Data (Tx data) - characters to TU Pin 3 - Receive Data (Rx data) - characters from TU Pin 8 - Carrier Detect (CD) - CW data in from TU Pin 4 - Request to Send (RTS) - Transmitter control Pin 20 - Data Terminal Ready (DTR) - CW ID control Pin 7 - Ground (Gnd) - reference level For Tx data and Rx data, mark is -12v and space is +12v. CD is tied to Rx data and is not required for RTTY, however, I included it for future use if I ever get around to writing a Morse receive routine. RTS and DTR are -12v in receive mode and +12v in normal transmit mode. Hopefully this is enough information to help you interface to your terminal unit. Interface Information 38 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G KANTRONICS 'THE INTERFACE' INFORMATION While I will give information here on how I interfaced the Kantronics TU to my system, I must add that it was a decision based on availability and price at the time of purchase more than anything else. If you are trying to make a decision, check around and see what is available and what seems to work well. While the Kantronics does well in many cases, it does seem to have difficulty with weak and/or fading signals. The Kantronics interface does not provide an RS-232C level interface and also requires an external power supply. Additionally, the RTTY transmit line requires a normal space condition for receive to operate correctly. Based on these considerations, I designed a special RS-232C to Kantronics interface box. The schematic is included below. Since my original purchase of a TU, Kantronics has come out with some new models which seem to have addressed some of the above mentioned problems. In particular, they have increased the sensitivity of the circuits and have provided an RS-232C level interface. So remember, it pays to inquire before you purchase. Next, just a few words about the circuit. The interface chips used are the same as those used in the IBM PC, namely, the 75150 line driver and the 75154 line receiver. The 1488 line driver and 1489 line receiver from Radio Shack could also be used but the pinouts are different. The 74LS00 is used to gate the Tx data signal with the transmitter control, to invert the RTTY transmit signal and to invert signals for the normal/reverse switch. The circuitry needs +5v, +12v and -12v to run. I used the 7805, 7812 and the 7912 voltage regulators to get my voltages, but you can use your favorite regulator. Just be sure to have enough filter capacitance on the input and enough heat sink on the regulators. There is nothing worse than intermittent problems when things get hot and heavy. Also note, the signal ground from the asynchronous adapter, the special interface ground and the TU ground should all be tied together. Due to popular demand, I have also included a schematic using the 1488 and 1489 which should be readily available at Radio Shack. Interface Information 39 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G KANTRONICS RS-232C INTERFACE SCHEMATIC +5v │ ┌──────────┐ │ ─┤1 ├─ │ ┌─────────────────────────────────────── CWID ─┤ ├──┘ │ ─┤ ├─ │ ┌──────────────────────── KEYIN DTR ─────────┤ ├────┘ │ ┌──────────┐ Tx data ─────┤ ├────┐ ├──┤1 ├─ +5v RTS ─────────┤ ├───────────────────┴──┤ ├───┬───┬── DECODE ─┤ 75154 ├─ │ ┌──┤ ├───┘ │ Gnd ─┤ ├──┐ │ └──┤ ├─────┐ │ └──────────┘ │ │ ┌───────┤ ├───┐ │ │ ┌────────────────┘ │ │┌──────┤ 74LS00 ├───┤ │ │ │ │ ││ Gnd ─┤ ├─┐ │ │ │ │ │ ││ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │└──────────────────────────── RTTY │ └───────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────────────────────────┐ │ /o────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ └───────────o| │ │ │ │ │ │ |o──────┘ │ │ │ │ ┌──────────┐ │ | │ │ │ └──┤1 ├─ +12v │ /o────────────┘ ├──────┤ ├─────────┐ └──────────────o │ └──────┤ 75150 ├───────┐ │ o──────────┘ Gnd ─┤ ├─ -12v │ │ └──────────┘ │ │ Normal/Reverse │ │ DPDT switch shown Rx data ────────────────────────┘ │ in normal position CD ───────────────────────────────┘ Gnd ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Gnd Computer Kantronics Interface Interface │ Note: Non-Intersections are indicated by ─── │ All grounds are connected together. An IBM Graphics Printer is required for this schematic to print correctly. Kantronics RS-232C Interface Interface Information 40 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G DTR ────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌──────────┐ +5v │ Tx data ─────┤1 ├──┘ │ ┌───────────────────────────── CWID ─┤ ├───────┘ │ ┌──────┤ ├─ │ ┌──────────────────────── KEYIN RTS ─────────┤ ├──────────────┘ │ ┌──────────┐ ┌────┘ ─┤ ├─ ├──┤1 ├─ +5v │ ┌──────┤ 1489 ├─ ┌────────────┴──┤ ├───┬───┬── DECODE │ │ Gnd ─┤ ├─ │ ┌──┤ ├───┘ │ │ │ └──────────┘ │ └──┤ ├─────┐ │ │ │ │ ┌───────┤ ├───┐ │ │ │ │ │ │┌──────┤ 74LS00 ├───┤ │ │ │ └────────────────────────┘ ││ Gnd ─┤ ├─┐ │ │ │ │ ││ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │└──────────────────────────── RTTY └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ ┌────────────────────────────────┐ │ /o────────┘ │ │ │ │ └───────────o| │ │ │ │ │ |o──────┘ │ │ │ ┌──────────┐ │ | │ │ │ -12v ─┤1 ├─ +12v │ /o────────────┘ └─────────┤ ├───────────┴──────────────o │ Rx data ─────┤ ├─ o──────────┘ ─┤ ├─────┐ ─┤ ├─ │ Normal/Reverse ─┤ 1488 ├─ │ DPDT switch shown Gnd ─┤ ├─ │ in normal position └──────────┘ │ CD ───────────────────────────┘ Gnd ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Gnd Computer Kantronics Interface Interface │ Note: Non-Intersections are indicated by ─── │ All grounds are connected. An IBM Graphics Printer is required for this schematic to print correctly. Kantronics RS-232C Interface Interface Information 41 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G A TERMINAL UNIT DESIGN COMPLIMENTS OF BOB AUSTIN, N4CLH W1GAFSK MODULATOR WITH XR-2206 W0H ** ALL PARTS ARE AVAILABLE AT RADIO SHACK ** ┌────┐ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┤1 16├ R1= 220 │ AUDIO OUT├───────────────┤C5├───────────┤ ├ R2= 33K │ ┌─────────┤R8├─────────────────┤ ├──┤R1├──────┐ R3= 20K │ │ ┌───────────────┤ ├────────────┘ R4= 20K │ │ │ ┌────┤C3├───┤ ├───────────────┐ R5= 33K │ │ +12V├─────┤ └───────────┤ ├ │ R6= 4.7K │ │ │ ┌───────┤ ├────────────┐ │ R7= 4.7K │ │ │ │ ┌──┤8 9├────┐ │ │ R8= 50K │ │ │ ┴ ┴ └────┘ ├──TTL │ │ │ ┌──────┼────┤R7├──────┘ R5 R2 │ IN │ │ C1= 1uf │ │ │ ┬ ┬ │ + ┴ │ C2= .001uf │ + ┴ ┴ ┴ │ ┴ C1 │ C3= .01uf │ C4 R6 R4 ┴ C2 ┬ │ C4= 10uf │ ┬ ┬ ┬ R3 ┬ │ │ C5= .1uf │ │ │ │ ┬ │ │ │ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬┬┼┬ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTES: C3 MUST BE STABLE CAPACITOR R3/R4 SHOULD BE MULTI-TURN POTS R8 VARIABLE POT TO ADJUST AUDIO OUTPUT C1/C4 ARE ELECTROLITIC SETUP: POWER TO PIN 4, ADJUST R3 FOR 2125 HZ AT AUDIO OUTPUT POWER TO PIN 4, GROUND PIN 9, ADJUST R4 FOR 2295 HZ AT AUDIO OUTPUT ADJUST R8 FOR DESIRED AUDIO OUTPUT LEVEL TO MICROPHONE CONNECTION NORMALLY LESS THAN 1 VOLT PEAK. NOTE** THE XR2211 WILL BLOW IF MORE THAT 2V PEAK AUDIO IS APPLIED. IF YOU HOOK UP THE RELAY CIRCUIT TO ECHO XMIT BUFFER DO NOT ADJUST R8 FOR MORE THAN THE 2V PEAK. Interface Information 42 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G From Bob Austin, N4CLH W1GAFSK DEMODULATOR USING XR-2211 W0H ┌─────┐ IN +12V├────────┤1 14├─────┤C6├────┐ AUDIO ├───────┤C11┤───┤ ├─────────────┘ ┌───┬──────────────────────────────┤ ├─────────────┐ │ │ ┌──────────────────────────┤ ├───┬─┤R9├────┴──┤R10├────┐ │ │ │ ┤ ├───│───────────────┐ │ │ │ │ TTL OUT├────────┬──┤ ├ └─────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ ├──┤7 8├─┬──┤R12├────┤ │ │ │ │ │ +5V├────┤R15├───┤ └─────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └───┤R13├──┤ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ │ │ C7 C8 R11 R14 C10 │ ┴ ┬ ┬ ┬ ┬ ┬ │ C9 │ │ │ │ │ │ ┬ │ │ │ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ┬┼┬ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- R9 = 220K R10= 15K NOTES: PINS 10 AND 11 DO NOT CONNECT R11= 20K R11 IS MULTITURN POT R12= 100K C6 MUST BE STABLE CAPACITOR R13= 470K C9 IS FOR 110 ASCII/BAUDOT OR LESS R14= 470K I SWITCH TWO CAPS AT C9 FOR LOW SPEED AND HIGH R15= 10K SPEED USING .047 AND .0047(HIGH) 300 ASCII/BAUDOT C6 = .022 ADJUSTMENT: C7 = .0047 POWER TO PIN 1, ADJUST R11 FOR CLEAN COPY C8 = .1 (I USE A STRING OF *U FOR ADJUSTMENT AT 110 ASCII) C9 = .047 C10= .05 C11= .1 Interface Information 43 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G From Bob Austin, N4CLH W1GTTL TO EIA INTERFACE W0H I LIKE TO USE A 7404 OR 74LS04 BETWEEN THE EIA LINE DRIVER/RECEIVER AND THE EXAR CHIPS TO LET ME USE SOME L E D'S FOR MARK AND SPACE. YOU MAY ELIMINATE THIS CIRCUIT AND CONNECT THE EXAR CHIPS TO THE LINE DRIVER/RECEIVER DIRECT. TTL IN FROM XR2211-PIN6 ─┬─ │ 7404 OR 74LS04 │ ┌─────┐ N ┌────┴─────────┤1 14├─────────┤+5V ┌─────── S1 ┌──┤ ├ │ R └─┬─────────┴──┤ ├ │ │ ┌──┤ ├ │ ┴ ┌──┴──┤ ├ │ R16 │ ┤ ├ │ ┬ ┴ ┌─┤7 8 ├ │ │ R17 │ └─────┘ │ ┴ ┬ │ S1= SPDT FOR NORMAL AND REVERSE │ D1 │ │ SIGNALS │ ┬ ┴ │ R16= 390 │ │ D2 │ R17= 390 │ │ ┬ │ D1= LED (MARK) │ ┌┼┐ ┌┼┐ ┌┼┐ D2= LED (SPACE) ------│--------------------------------------------------------------------- │ 1488 DRIVER └──────────────────────────┐ 1489 RECEIVER │ +12V -12V EIA PIN6 │ PIN4 PIN9 PIN2 +5V ┬ ┬ ┬ │ ┬EIA ┬ ┬EIA ┬ │ └─────┐ │ │ │ │XR │ │ │ ┌─────┐ │ │ │ │ │2206│ │ └─────┤1 14├─┘ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────┐ │ ──┤ ├───┐ │ │ │ │ └──┤1 14├──┘ ──┤ ├───┴────│──┐ │ ┌───│───────────────┤ ├ ──┤ ├────────┘ │ │ │ │ └───────┤ ├ ──┤ ├───┐ │ │ │ └───────────────┤ ├ ──┤ ├───┴───────│──┘ │ ┌────────────┤ ├ ┌─┤7 8 ├────┐ │ ┴ │ ┌─────┤ ├ │ └─────┘ │ │ C11 │ │ ┌─┤7 8 ├ │ │ │ ┬ ┴ ┴ │ └─────┘ │ EIA ├───┘ │ │ C12 RELAY│ │ PIN3 │ │ ┬ DRIVE│ ┌┼┐ ┌┼┐ ┌┼┐ ┌┼┐ ┌┼┐ C11= .1 C12= .1 Interface Information 44 IBM PC RTTY Ver 1.2G From Bob Austin, N4CLH W1GPTT CIRCUIT W0H FOR THE RELAY TRANSISTOR, I USED A PNP 2N3906. E PIN6 ┌────┬── +5V 1489 ├──────┤R18├──┤B │ RCVR └────┴── RELAY COIL (OTHER END GND) C R18= 470 RELAY= DPDT 5VOLT MINIATURE. ** THERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS TO HOOK THE RELAY UP TO YOUR PTT. I COUPLED MY AUDIO OUTPUT TO THE AUDIO INPUT TO ECHO MY XMITTED BUFFER BACK TO ME.(THIS ALLOWS ME TO SEE BOTH XMIT AND RECEIVE IN MY SAVED FILES) IF YOU USE THE ECHO FUNCTION OF A RTTY PROGRAM YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HOOK THIS UP.. A SPST RELAY IS SUFFICIENT FOR PTT AUDIO HOOKUPS ON THE RELAY ARE MADE WITH COUPLING CAPS C5 AND C11 BETWEEN XR CHIPS AND RELAY. XR2206 COM ┌─────┐COM AUDIO INPUT ├────────┤ ├────────┤ PTT INPUT XR2211 N/OPEN│ │ N/OPEN AUDIO OUTPUT ├────────┤ ├───────────┐ N/CLOSE│ │ N/CLOSE │ RIG AUDIO OUT ├────────┤ ├─────── │ (SPKR) └─────┘ │ │ │ │ ┌┼┐ W1G73's N4CLHW0H Interface Information 45 ┌┼┐ W1G73's N4CLHW0H Interface Information